American Indian Plains material is one of the most popular and consistently available collecting areas in American Indian art. Plains Indians, including the Blackfeet, Cheyenne, Lakota, Sioux, Crow, Kiowa, and Comanche, populated the continent from Texas to Canada, from west of the Missouri River to the Rocky Mountains. While some Plains Indian material was made for the tourist market, many examples were worn and used by Indians themselves, making them all the more desirable.
For those interested in collecting American Indian art, I hope this guide will increase your understanding of these unique and varied objects that represent our country’s cultural history.
1. Learn Bead Color
Plains Indians embellished buffalo hide, deerskin, and cowhide with beads to create beaded clothing, moccasins, pipe bags, pouches, bow cases, knife scabbards, cradles, and children’s toys. In order to spot the best pieces, it helps to do a little bit of study online or in reference books to learn bead color. When seed beads began to replace larger pony beads by the mid 19th century, a larger variety colors became available. By the turn of the 20th century, some of the colors became brighter and appeal less to today’s collector.
2. Quillwork is often rarer than beadwork
Like beads, quill color also changed with the introduction of commercial dyes. However, early pre-reservation quillwork is scarce. When pony beads first started coming onto the plains, many tribes turned to beadwork as a replacement for quillwork, in which porcupine quills and sometimes bird quills were sewn onto hides to make embellished items such as moccasins, shirt and legging strips, bow case and quiver sets, and various pouches.
3. Reservation material can be very collectible
Many collectors of American Indian art prefer traditional, pre-1880 Plains Indian material, but items from the early reservation period (after 1880) can also be highly desirable. For example, Crow beadwork from this period had developed into a vibrant tribal style. The pictorial beadwork of the Lakota flourished after 1880.
4. Condition greatly affects value
American Indian Plains material was made for use in daily life, and collectors of pre-reservation material look for a patina as evidence of use. Too much damage, however, can significantly affect value. For beaded and quilled items, look for examples with a minimum of bead or quill loss, and little or no tearing or damage to the hide. Water damage is evident when a hide is stiff, discolored, or has areas of mold.
5. Learn a little; question a lot
When you buy American Indian art, you’re investing in objects with significant history. Over the past 100 years, these traditional items have been copied in homage, and more recently faked for profit. Developing a discerning eye takes time. If you’re new to the collecting market, you should educate yourself. Visit museums, look at auction catalogues, attend American Indian Art auctions and auction previews, and study books on the subjects that interest you the most.
Here are two books that I recommend for further reading:
The Plains Indians by Colin F. Taylor, PhD, 1994
Art of the American Frontier: The Chandler-Pohrt Collection by David W. Pewney, 1992
Above all, I urge you to collect with respect and reverence for these people, their culture, and the historical objects they left us to enjoy. I wish you the best in your journey discovering American Indian art.
I am a private amateur collector. I purchased quilled bag I believe is Plains Indian. The leather is, I think, smoked buffalo and it has sinew stitching.I had another more experienced collector look at it and he believes it dates to the turn of the century. If I e-mail you some pictures, can you give me an idea of what I have? Thank you, Marsha Chase
Hello Marsha,
We’d be happy to take a look at your quilled bag. Please email the pictures and a description using our free online auction evaluation form: https://www.skinnerinc.com/appraisals/form.asp
thank you for your history, put me on your mail list for any future auctions and or info blogs re: American Indian Sincerely, Robert
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Please provide me with some insights to collecting native american pre 1900 art
I am Santee Mdewakanton and I have some very special bead work done by my family and I am looking to sell some off .
I have one indian purse with over 50.000 cut glass beads in it for sale and it value is High –
Only people that really want too buy contact me.
Hello, I recently received a pair of beaded moccasins, another pair of baby moccasins and a sash belt. Could you help me identify them if I sent a few photographs? Thank you for your time in advance.
Hello Paul, We can certainly evaluate your moccasins and belt, please contact the Skinner Appraisal Department – they would be more than happy to help you find more information about an appraisal and possibly selling. You can contact the Appraisal Department by phone at 508-970-3299 or email evaluations@skinnerinc.com. If you can provide photos – here is the link to the appraisals form on our website: https://www.skinnerinc.com/selling/auction-evaluation-form/ Thank you!